Various synthesis techniques to produce nanostructured materials will be introduced. These synthesis techniques are categorized into chemical methods and physical methods. The chemical methods module discusses the general principles of nucleation and growth and covers specific chemical reactions for nanomaterial synthesis. The physical methods module introduces nanomaterials synthesis by solid-state processing, liquid-phase processing, vapor-phase processing, etc. In addition, the fundamental properties of nanomaterials introduced and the basic solid-state physics for nanocrystalline materials and advanced technologies for nanomaterial characterizations reviewed.