Mechanical Engineering


Mechanical Engineering (AEMECBASC)

Undergraduate Program Administrator and Academic Advisor, Years 2
Gayle Lesmond
Room MC109, Mechanical Engineering Building 
416-978-4731
undergrad@mie.utoronto.ca

Undergraduate Student Advisor, Years 3-4
Yanna Sventzouris
Room MC109, Mechanical Engineering Building 
416-978-2454
undergrad@mie.utoronto.ca

 

The Mechanical Engineering profession faces unprecedented challenges and exciting opportunities in its efforts to serve the needs of society. The broad disciplinary base and design orientation of the field will continue to make the skills of the mechanical engineer crucial to the success of virtually all technical systems that involve energy, motion, materials, design, automation and manufacturing. The explosive growth in the availability of lower-cost, compact and high-speed computing hardware and software is already revolutionizing the analysis, design, manufacture and operation of many mechanical engineering systems. Mechanical engineering systems are part of automotive engineering, robotics, fuel utilization, nuclear and thermal power generation, materials behaviour in design applications, transportation, biomechanical engineering, environmental control and many others.

To prepare mechanical engineers for the challenges of such a broad discipline, the program is designed to:

  • Provide fundamental knowledge of the various subdisciplines.
  • Teach methodology and systems analysis techniques for integrating this knowledge into useful design concepts
  • Make graduates fully conversant with modern facilities, such as CAD/CAM and microprocessor control, by which design concepts can be produced and competitively manufactured.

The knowledge component includes the key subdisciplines of mechanics, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, control theory, dynamics, material science and design. All are based on adequate preparation in mathematics and in such fundamental subjects as physics and chemistry.

Integration of this knowledge is accomplished in third- and fourth-year courses. Students select many upper-year courses from a list of electives, permitting them to choose subjects compatible with their individual interests. Most technical elective courses are from one of five streams or subject areas: manufacturing, mechatronics, solid mechanics and machine design, energy and environment or bioengineering. Students are encouraged to select a sequence of courses from two of the five streams, acquiring a greater depth of knowledge in those areas. The fourth-year Capstone Design course encompasses all aspects of the program as students complete a two-term design project for an industrial partner or client. Students also have the option of doing a one- or two-term thesis in their fourth year of study, allowing independent study and research with faculty members.

With this diverse background, virtually all industries seek the services of the practicing mechanical engineer as an employee or a consultant. Mechanical engineers are involved in the primary power production industry where hydraulic, thermal and nuclear energy is converted to electricity; integrated manufacturing of automobiles and other equipment; aircraft and other transportation systems; heating and air conditioning industry; design and manufacture of electronic hardware; materials processing plants and many others industries.

For the modern mechanical engineer, the undergraduate program is only the first step in this educational process. An increasing number of graduates pursue advanced degrees in particular areas of specialization. Graduates entering the industry can continue their education by participating in the graduate program.
 

Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering

The Department offers graduate study and research opportunities in a wide range of fields within Mechanical Engineering. These include applied mechanics, biomedical engineering, computer-aided engineering, energy studies, fluid mechanics and hydraulics, materials, manufacturing, robotics, automation and control, design, surface sciences, thermodynamics and heat transfer, plasma processing, vibration, computational fluid dynamics, microfluidics and micromechanics, environmental engineering, thermal spray coatings, finite element methods, internal combustion engines and spray-forming processes. The programs lead to MEng, MASc and PhD degrees. Evening courses are offered to accommodate participants who work full-time and are interested in pursuing an MEng. Additional information can be obtained from the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Graduate Studies Office and mie.utoronto.ca/graduate.

 

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (AEMECBASC)

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (AEMECBASC)

FIRST YEAR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Fall Session - Year 1   Lect. Lab. Tut. Wgt.
Core Required Courses          
APS100H1: Orientation to Engineering F 1 - 1 0.25
APS110H1: Engineering Chemistry and Materials Science F 3 1 1 0.50
APS111H1: Engineering Strategies & Practice I F 3 1 1 0.50
CIV100H1: Mechanics F 3 - 2 0.50
MAT186H1: Calculus I F 3 - 1 0.50
MAT188H1: Linear Algebra F 3 1 1 0.50
Winter Session - Year 1   Lect. Lab. Tut. Wgt.
Core Required Courses          
APS106H1: Fundamentals of Computer Programming S 3 2 1 0.50
APS112H1: Engineering Strategies & Practice II S 2 2 - 0.50
ECE110H1: Electrical Fundamentals S 3 1 2 0.50
MAT187H1: Calculus II S 3 - 1 0.50
MIE100H1: Dynamics S 3 - 2 0.50
MIE191H1: Seminar Course: Introduction to Mechanical and Industrial Engineering S 1 - - 0.15

Approved Course Substitution

  1. Students are able to substitute MAT186H1 with the online calculus course APS162H1.
  2. Students are able to substitute MAT187H1 with the online calculus course APS163H1.
  3. Students are able to substitute APS110H1 with the online course APS164H1.
  4. Students are able to substitute CIV100H1 with the online course APS160H1.

SECOND YEAR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Fall Session - Year 2   Lect. Lab. Tut. Wgt.
Core Required Courses          
MIE230H1: Engineering Analysis F 3 - 2 0.50
MIE231H1: Probability and Statistics with Engineering Applications F 3 2 2 0.50
MIE243H1: Mechanical Engineering Design F 3 2 2 0.50
MIE270H1: Materials Science F 3 0.75 1.50 0.50
Complementary Studies Elective          
CS Elective F/Y       0.50
Winter Session - Year 2   Lect. Lab. Tut. Wgt.
Core Required Courses          
MAT234H1: Differential Equations S 3 - 1.50 0.50
MIE210H1: Thermodynamics S 3 1.50 0.50 0.50
MIE221H1: Manufacturing Engineering S 3 2 1 0.50
MIE222H1: Mechanics of Solids I S 3 1.50 1.50 0.50
Complementary Studies Elective          
CS Elective S/Y       0.50

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE YEAR

Students registered within this program, and all other undergraduate programs within the Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, may elect to enroll and participate in the Professional Experience Year Co-Op Program (PEY Co-Op). The PEY Co-op program requires that qualified students undertake a paid, full-time 12-16 month continuous work period with a cooperating industry. Details are described in the beginning of this chapter. More information can be found in the PEY Co-op section of the calendar.

THIRD YEAR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Fall Session - Year 3   Lect. Lab. Tut. Wgt.
Core Required Courses          
MIE358H1 (formerly MIE258H1) F 3 - 1 0.50
MIE301H1: Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines F 3 3 2 0.50
MIE312H1: Fluid Mechanics I F 3 1 1 0.50
MIE342H1: Circuits with Applications to Mechanical Engineering Systems F 3 1.50 1 0.50
Natural Science Elective (choose one):          
CHE353H1: Engineering Biology F 2 - 2 0.50
CIV220H1: Urban Engineering Ecology F 3 - 1 0.50
CIV300H1: Terrestrial Energy Systems F 3 - 2 0.50
Winter Session - Year 3   Lect. Lab. Tut. Wgt.
Core Required Courses          
MIE313H1: Heat and Mass Transfer S 3 1.50 2 0.50
MIE315H1: Design for the Environment S 3 - 1 0.50
MIE334H1: Numerical Methods I S 3 - 1.50 0.50
Stream Options (Choose two streams):          
Manufacturing          
MIE304H1: Introduction to Quality Control S 3 1 2 0.50
Mechatronics          
MIE346H1: Analog and Digital Electronics for Mechatronics S 3 1.50 1 0.50
Solid Mechanics & Design          
MIE320H1: Mechanics of Solids II S 3 2 2 0.50
Energy and Environment          
MIE311H1: Thermal Energy Conversion S 3 3 - 0.50
Bioengineering (select one course)
         
BME331H1: Physiological Control Systems S 3 1 1 0.50
CHE354H1: Cellular and Molecular Biology S 3 1 2 0.50
  1. In 4F, students will be required to take one additional course from each of the same two streams followed in third year.
  2. The Department is not able to schedule all third year stream courses without conflict. However, students are required to select courses that allow for a conflict-free timetable.
  3. Students may choose an alternative Natural Science course to the three listed. A list of approved alternative Natural Science courses offered by the Faculty of Arts & Science is available on the Faculty of Engineering's Registrar's Office website.

FOURTH YEAR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Fall Session - Year 4   Lect. Lab. Tut. Wgt.
Core Required Course:          
MIE491Y1: Capstone Design Y - - 4 1.00
Stream Courses (two of):          
Manufacturing          
MIE422H1: Automated Manufacturing F 2 3 - 0.50
Mechatronics          
MIE404H1: Control Systems I F 3 3 2 0.50
Solid Mechanics & Design          
MIE442H1: Machine Design F 3 1.50 3 0.50
Energy & Environment          
MIE515H1: Alternative Energy Systems F 3 - 1 0.50
Bioengineering (select one course)
         
MIE439H1: Cellular and Tissue Biomechanics F 3 2 - 0.50
MIE458H1: Biofluid Mechanics F 3 - 1 0.50
Technical Electives (one of):          
AER307H1: Aerodynamics F 3 - 1 0.50
AER525H1: Robotics F 3 1.50 1 0.50
BME440H1: Biomedical Engineering Technology and Investigation F 2 4 - 0.50
BME595H1: Medical Imaging F 2 3 1 0.50
ECE344H1: Operating Systems F 3 3 - 0.50
MIE343H1: Industrial Ergonomics and the Workplace F 3 3 - 0.50
MIE360H1: Systems Modelling and Simulation F 3 2 1 0.50
MIE407H1: Nuclear Reactor Theory and Design F 3 - 2 0.50
MIE410H1: *Finite Element Analysis in Engineering Design F 2 - 1 0.50
MIE414H1: * Applied Fluid Mechanics F 3 3 1 0.50
MIE440H1: * Design of Effective Products F 2 2 1 0.50
MIE444H1: * Mechatronics Principles F 2 3 - 0.50
MIE498H1: Research Thesis F - - 4 0.50
MIE498Y1: Research Thesis Y - - 4 1.00
MIE504H1: Applied Computational Fluid Dynamics F 3 - - 0.50
MIE507H1: Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Fundamentals F 3 - 2 0.5
MIE516H1: Combustion and Fuels F 3 - 1 0.50
MIE523H1: Engineering Psychology and Human Performance F 3 3 - 0.50
MIE563H1: Analytic and Numerical Solution of Engineering PDEs F 3 - 2 0.50
MSE401H1: Materials Selection for Sustainable Product Design F 2 2 1 0.50
MSE443H1 F 3 - - 0.50
Complementary Studies Elective (one):          
CS Elective F       0.50
Winter Session - Year 4   Lect. Lab. Tut. Wgt.
Core Required Course:          
MIE491Y1: Capstone Design Y - - 4 1.00
Technical Electives (three of):          
BME520H1: Imaging Case Studies in Clinical Engineering S 2 2 1 0.50
CHE475H1: Biocomposites: Mechanics and Bioinspiration S 3 - 1 0.50
CIV440H1: Environmental Impact and Risk Assessment S 3 - 1 0.50
ECE344H1: Operating Systems S 3 3 - 0.50
FOR424H1: Innovation and Manufacturing of Sustainable Materials S 2 - 1 0.50
MIE402H1: Vibrations S 3 1 2 0.50
MIE408H1: * Thermal and Machine Design of Nuclear Power Reactors S 3 - 2 0.50
MIE437H1 (not offered in 2024-2025) S 3 - 1 0.50
MIE438H1: Microprocessors and Embedded Microcontrollers S 2 3 - 0.50
MIE441H1: * Design Optimization S 3 2 - 0.50
MIE443H1: * Mechatronics Systems: Design and Integration S 2 5 - 0.50
MIE469H1: Reliability and Maintainability Engineering S 3 - 2 0.50
MIE498H1: Research Thesis S - - 4 0.50
MIE498Y1: Research Thesis Y - - 4 1.00
MIE505H1: Micro/Nano Robotics S 3 3 - 0.50
MIE506H1: * MEMS Design and Microfabrication S 3 1.50 1 0.50
MIE517H1: Fuel Cell Systems S 3 - 1 0.50
MIE519H1: * Advanced Manufacturing Technologies S 3 - - 0.50
MIE520H1 (not offered in 2024-2025) S 3 - 1 0.50
MIE533H1 (not offered in 2024-2025) S 3 - - 0.50
MIE540H1: * Product Design S 3 - 1 0.50
MIE550H1: Advanced Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer S 3 - - 0.50
Complementary Studies Elective (one):          
CS Elective S       0.50
  1. In 4F, students must take one required course (indicated above) from each of the same two streams followed in 3W.
  2. Students are required to include at least one of the engineering design courses marked with an asterisk (*) during fourth year. It may be taken in either 4F or 4W.
  3. In 4F, students may select an additional course from the Stream Courses list (above) to substitute for the technical elective.
  4. Students may take only one of MIE422H1 (Automated Manufacturing) or AER525H1 (Robotics). AER525H1 (Robotics) has limited enrolment.
  5. The Department is not able to schedule all fourth year courses without conflict. However, students are required to select courses that allow for a conflict-free timetable.
  6. Students are permitted to take at most two technical elective substitutes in their fourth year, but are required to obtain formal Departmental approval from the Undergraduate Office.
  7. At least two of the four half credit Complementary Studies Electives to be taken between second and fourth year must he Humanities/Social Sciences courses (see the Complementary Studies section at the beginning of this chapter). An equivalent full credit course is also acceptable. Students are responsible for ensuring that each elective taken is approved. Please consult the electives list available on the Faculty of Engineering's Registrar's Office website.
  8. Approval to register for the fourth-year thesis course (MIE498H1 or MIE498Y1) must be obtained from the Associate Chair - Undergraduate and is normally restricted to fourth year students with a cumulative grade point average of at least 2.7. A summer thesis course is also available.



Mechanical Engineering Courses

Aerospace Science and Engineering

AER307H1 - Aerodynamics

AER307H1 - Aerodynamics
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T

Review of fundamentals of fluid dynamics, potential-flow, Euler, and Navier-Stokes equations; incompressible flow over airfoils, incompressible flow over finite wings; compressibility effects; subsonic compressible flow over airfoils; supersonic flow; viscous flow; laminar layers and turbulent boundary layers and unsteady aerodynamics. Textbook: Anderson, J.D., Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill, 2001.

Prerequisite: AER210H1 or MIE312H1
Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

AER525H1 - Robotics

AER525H1 - Robotics
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T/19.2P

The course addresses fundamentals of analytical robotics as well as design and control of industrial robots and their instrumentation. Topics include forward, inverse, and differential kinematics, screw representation, statics, inverse and forward dynamics, motion and force control of robot manipulators, actuation schemes, task-based and workspace design, mobile manipulation, and sensors and instrumentation in robotic systems. A series of experiments in the Robotics Laboratory will illustrate the course subjects.

Prerequisite: AER301H1/MIE301H1 (or equivalent), AER372H1/MIE404H1 (or equivalent).
MIE404H1 (or equivalent) may be taken as a corequisite.

Exclusion: ECE470H1
Total AUs: 51.9 (Fall), 51.9 (Winter), 103.8 (Full Year)

Applied Science and Engineering (Interdepartmental)

APS100H1 - Orientation to Engineering

APS100H1 - Orientation to Engineering
Credit Value: 0.25
Hours: 12.8L/12.8T

This course is designed to help students transition into first-year engineering studies and to develop and apply a greater understanding of the academic learning environment, the field of engineering, and how the fundamental mathematics and sciences are used in an engineering context. Topics covered include: study skills, time management, problem solving, successful teamwork, effective communications, exam preparation, stress management and wellness, undergraduate research, extra- and co-curricular involvement, engineering disciplines and career opportunities, and applications of math and science in engineering.

Total AUs: 18.3 (Fall), 18.3 (Winter), 36.6 (Full Year)

APS106H1 - Fundamentals of Computer Programming

APS106H1 - Fundamentals of Computer Programming
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T/25.6P

An introduction to computer systems and software. Topics include the representation of information, algorithms, programming languages, operating systems and software engineering. Emphasis is on the design of algorithms and their implementation in software. Students will develop a competency in the Python programming language. Laboratory exercises will explore the concepts of both Structure-based and Object-Oriented programming using examples drawn from mathematics and engineering applications.

Total AUs: 54.9 (Fall), 54.9 (Winter), 109.8 (Full Year)

APS110H1 - Engineering Chemistry and Materials Science

APS110H1 - Engineering Chemistry and Materials Science
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T/12.8P

This course is structured around the principle of the structure-property relationship. This relationship refers to an understanding of the microstructure of a solid, that is, the nature of the bonds between atoms and the spatial arrangement of atoms, which permits the explanation of observed behaviour. Observed materials behaviour includes mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical, and corrosive behaviour. Topics covered in this course include: structure of the atom, models of the atom, electronic configuration, the electromagnetic spectrum, band theory, atomic bonding, optical transparency of solids, magnetic properties, molecular bonding, hybridized orbitals, crystal systems, lattices and structures, crystallographic notation, imperfections in solids, reaction rates, activation energy, solid-state diffusion, materials thermodynamics, free energy, and phase equilibrium.

Total AUs: 48.8 (Fall), 48.8 (Winter), 97.6 (Full Year)

APS111H1 - Engineering Strategies & Practice I

APS111H1 - Engineering Strategies & Practice I
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T/12.8P

This course introduces and provides a framework for the design process. Students are introduced to communication as an integral component of engineering practice. The course is a vehicle for understanding problem solving and developing communications skills. This first course in the two Engineering Strategies and Practice course sequence introduces students to the process of engineering design, to strategies for successful team work, and to design for human factors, society and the environment. Students write team and individual technical reports.

Total AUs: 48.8 (Fall), 48.8 (Winter), 97.6 (Full Year)

APS112H1 - Engineering Strategies & Practice II

APS112H1 - Engineering Strategies & Practice II
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 25.6L/25.6P

This course introduces and provides a framework for the design process, problem solving and project management. Students are introduced to communication as an integral component of engineering practice. The course is a vehicle for practicing team skills and developing communications skills. Building on the first course, this second course in the two Engineering Strategies and Practice course sequence introduces students to project management and to the design process in greater depth. Students work in teams on a term length design project. Students will write a series of technical reports and give a team based design project presentation.

Total AUs: 36.6 (Fall), 36.6 (Winter), 73.2 (Full Year)

APS490Y1 - Multi-Disciplinary Capstone Design

APS490Y1 - Multi-Disciplinary Capstone Design
Credit Value: 1.00
Hours: 38.4T

An experience in multi-disciplinary engineering practice through a significant, open-ended, client-driven design project in which student teams address stakeholder needs through the use of a creative and iterative design process.

Prerequisite: Permission of student's home department
Exclusion: CHE430Y1/CIV498H1/MIE490Y1/MIE491Y1/ECE496Y1/ ESC470H1/ESC471H1/ESC472H1/MSE498Y1
Total AUs: 98.1 (Fall), 98.1 (Winter), 196.2 (Full Year)

Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering

BME331H1 - Physiological Control Systems

BME331H1 - Physiological Control Systems
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T/12.8P

Introduces physiological concepts and selected physiological control systems present in the human body, and proposes quantitative modeling approaches for these systems. Topics covered will include (1) the endocrine system and its subsystems, including glucose regulation and the stress response, (2) the cardiovascular system and related aspects such as cardiac output, venous return, control of blood flow by the tissues, and nervous regulation of circulation, and (3) the nervous and musculoskeletal systems, including the control of voluntary motion. Linear control theory will be used to develop skills in system modeling and examine concepts of system response and system control in the context of a healthy human body.

Total AUs: 48.8 (Fall), 48.8 (Winter), 97.6 (Full Year)

BME520H1 - Imaging Case Studies in Clinical Engineering

BME520H1 - Imaging Case Studies in Clinical Engineering
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 25.6L/12.8T/25.6P

An introduction to current practices in modern radiology - the detection and assessment of various human diseases using specialized imaging tools (e.g., MRI, CT, ultrasound, and nuclear imaging) from the perspective of the end-user, the clinician. Course content will include lectures delivered by radiologists describing normal anatomy and physiology as well as tissue pathophysiology (i.e., disease). Visualization and characterization using medical imaging will be described, with core lecture material complemented by industry representative guest lectures where challenges and opportunities in the development of new medical imaging technologies for niche applications will be discussed.

Prerequisite: BME595H1
Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

BME595H1 - Medical Imaging

BME595H1 - Medical Imaging
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 25.6L/12.8T/38.4P

An introductory course to medical imaging and is designed as a final year course for engineers. The main clinical imaging modalities are covered: magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound imaging, x-ray and computed tomography, nuclear medicine, and clinical optical imaging. Emphasis is placed on the underlying physical and mathematical concepts behind each modality, and applications are discussed in the context of how different modalities complement one another in the clinical setting. Early year engineering concepts are extensively used, including: basic electromagnetics theory, fields and waves, signals and systems, digital signal processing, differential equations and calculus, and probability and random processes. The laboratories involve image reconstruction and analysis for the various imaging modalities and a live animal imaging session.

Total AUs: 48.8 (Fall), 48.8 (Winter), 97.6 (Full Year)

Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry

CHE353H1 - Engineering Biology

CHE353H1 - Engineering Biology
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 25.6L/25.6T

Using a quantitative, problem solving approach, this course will introduce basic concepts in cell biology and physiology. Various engineering modelling tools will be used to investigate aspects of cell growth and metabolism, transport across cell membranes, protein structure, homeostasis, nerve conduction and mechanical forces in biology.

Exclusion: BME205H1
Total AUs: 36.6 (Fall), 36.6 (Winter), 73.2 (Full Year)

CHE354H1 - Cellular and Molecular Biology

CHE354H1 - Cellular and Molecular Biology
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6T/12.8P

This course will cover the principles of molecular and cellular biology as they apply to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Topics will include: metabolic conversion of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids; nucleic acids; enzymology; structure and function relationships within cells; and motility and growth. Genetic analysis, immunohistochemistry, hybridomis, cloning, recombinant DNA and biotechnology will also be covered. This course will appeal to students interested in environmental microbiology, biomaterials and tissue engineering, and bioprocesses.

Prerequisite: CHE353H1
Total AUs: 54.9 (Fall), 54.9 (Winter), 109.8 (Full Year)

CHE475H1 - Biocomposites: Mechanics and Bioinspiration

CHE475H1 - Biocomposites: Mechanics and Bioinspiration
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T

An overview on structure, processing and application of natural and biological materials, biomaterials for biomedical applications, and fibre-reinforced eco-composites based on renewable resources will be provided. Fundamental principles related to linear elasticity, linear viscoelasticity, dynamic mechanical response, composite reinforcement mechanics, and time-temperature correspondence will be introduced. Novel concepts in comparative biomechanics, biomimetic and bio-inspired material design, and materials' ecological and environmental impact will be discussed. In addition, key material processing methods and testing and characterization techniques will be presented. Structure-property relationships for materials broadly ranging from natural materials, including wood, bone, cell, and soft tissue, to synthetic composite materials for industrial and biomedical applications will be covered.

Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

Civil Engineering

CIV100H1 - Mechanics

CIV100H1 - Mechanics
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6T

The principles of statics are applied to composition and resolution of forces, moments and couples. The equilibrium states of structures are examined. Throughout, the free body diagram concept is emphasized. Vector algebra is used where it is most useful, and stress blocks are introduced. Shear force diagrams, bending moment diagrams and stress-strain relationships for materials are discussed. Stress and deformation in axially loaded members and flexural members (beams) are also covered.

Exclusion: APS160H1
Total AUs: 48.8 (Fall), 48.8 (Winter), 97.6 (Full Year)

CIV220H1 - Urban Engineering Ecology

CIV220H1 - Urban Engineering Ecology
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T

Core Course in the Environmental Engineering Minor Basic concepts of ecology within the context of urban environments. Response of organisms, populations, dynamic predator-prey and competition processes, and ecosystems to human activities. Thermodynamic basis for food chains, energy flow, biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Biogeochemical cycles, habitat fragmentation and bioaccumulation. Introduction to industrial ecology and life cycle assessment principles. Urban metabolism and material flow analysis of cities. Response of receiving waters to pollution and introduction to waste water treatment. Emphasis is on identifying the environment/engineering interface and minimizing environmental impacts.

Prerequisite: CHE112H1
Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

CIV300H1 - Terrestrial Energy Systems

CIV300H1 - Terrestrial Energy Systems
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6T

Core Course in the Sustainable Energy Minor Various earth systems for energy transformation, storage and transport are explored. Geological, hydrological, biological, cosmological and oceanographic energy systems are considered in the context of the Earth as a dynamic system, including the variation of solar energy received by the planet and the redistribution of this energy through various radiative, latent and sensible heat transfer mechanisms. It considers the energy redistribution role of large scale atmospheric systems, of warm and cold ocean currents, the role of the polar regions, and the functioning of various hydrological systems. The contribution and influence of tectonic systems on the surface systems is briefly introduced, as well the important role of energy storage processes in physical and biological systems, including the accumulation of fossil fuel reserves.

Exclusion: ENV346H1
Total AUs: 48.8 (Fall), 48.8 (Winter), 97.6 (Full Year)

CIV440H1 - Environmental Impact and Risk Assessment

CIV440H1 - Environmental Impact and Risk Assessment
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T

Core Course in the Environmental Engineering Minor. The process and techniques for assessing and managing the impacts on and risks to humans and the ecosystem associated with engineered facilities, processes and products. Both biophysical and social impacts are addressed. Topics include: environmental assessment processes; environmental legislation; techniques for assessing impacts; engineering risk analysis; health risk assessment; risk management and communication; social impact assessment; cumulative impacts; environmental management systems; the process of considering alternative methods for preventing and controlling impacts; and stakeholder involvement and public participation. Examples are drawn from various engineering activities and facilities such as energy production, chemical production, treatment plants, highways and landfills.

Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

Electrical and Computer Engineering

ECE110H1 - Electrical Fundamentals

ECE110H1 - Electrical Fundamentals
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6T/12.8P

An overview of the physics of electricity and magnetism: Coulomb's law, Gauss' law, Ampere's law, Faraday's law. Physics of capacitors, resistors and inductors. An introduction to circuit analysis: resistive circuits, nodal and mesh analysis, 1st order RC and RL transient response and sinusoidal steady-state analysis.

Total AUs: 54.9 (Fall), 54.9 (Winter), 109.8 (Full Year)

ECE344H1 - Operating Systems

ECE344H1 - Operating Systems
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/38.4P

Operating system structures, concurrency, synchronization, deadlock, CPU scheduling, memory management, file systems. The laboratory exercises will require implementation of part of an operating system.

Prerequisite: ECE244H1 and ECE243H1
Exclusion: ECE353H1
Total AUs: 50.9 (Fall), 50.9 (Winter), 101.8 (Full Year)

Forestry

FOR424H1 - Innovation and Manufacturing of Sustainable Materials

FOR424H1 - Innovation and Manufacturing of Sustainable Materials
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 25.6L/12.8T

Sustainable materials are a mandate for sustainable societies. This course will explore the manufacturing, engineering principles and design fundamentals for creating sustainable materials from renewable resources. Special emphasis will be on bioplastics, biofibre, nanobiofibre, biocomposites and nanobiocomposites. Written communication and design skills will be developed through tutorials and assignments.

Exclusion: FOR423H1
Recommended Preparation: Basic knowledge of materials science.
Total AUs: 30.5 (Fall), 30.5 (Winter), 61 (Full Year)

Mathematics

MAT186H1 - Calculus I

MAT186H1 - Calculus I
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T

Topics include: limits and continuity; differentiation; applications of the derivative - related rates problems, curve sketching, optimization problems, L'Hopital's rule; definite and indefinite integrals; the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus; applications of integration in geometry, mechanics and other engineering problems.

Exclusion: APS162H1
Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

MAT187H1 - Calculus II

MAT187H1 - Calculus II
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T

Topics include: techniques of integration, an introduction to mathematical modeling with differential equations, infinite sequences and series, Taylor series, parametric and polar curves, vector-valued functions, partial differentiation, and application to mechanics and other engineering problems.

Prerequisite: APS162H1/MAT186H1
Exclusion: APS163H1/MAT197H1
Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

MAT188H1 - Linear Algebra

MAT188H1 - Linear Algebra
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T/12.8P

This course covers systems of linear equations and Gaussian elimination, applications; vectors in Rn, independent sets and spanning sets; linear transformations, matrices, inverses; subspaces in Rn, basis and dimension; determinants; eigenvalues and diagonalization; systems of differential equations; dot products and orthogonal sets in Rn; projections and the Gram-Schmidt process; diagonalizing symmetric matrices; least squares approximation. Includes an introduction to numeric computation in a weekly laboratory.

Total AUs: 48.8 (Fall), 48.8 (Winter), 97.6 (Full Year)

MAT234H1 - Differential Equations

MAT234H1 - Differential Equations
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/19.2T

Ordinary differential equations. Classification. Equations of first order and first degree. Linear equations of order n. Equations of second order. Bessel's equation. Legendre's equation. Series solutions. Systems of simultaneous equations. Partial differential equations. Classification of types. The diffusion equation. Laplace's equation. The wave equation. Solution by separation of variables.

Total AUs: 45.8 (Fall), 45.8 (Winter), 91.6 (Full Year)

Mechanical and Industrial Engineering

MIE100H1 - Dynamics

MIE100H1 - Dynamics
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6T

This course on Newtonian mechanics considers the interactions which influence 2-D, curvilinear motion. These interactions are described in terms of the concepts of force, work, momentum and energy. Initially the focus is on the kinematics and kinetics of particles. Then, the kinematics and kinetics of systems of particles and solid bodies are examined. Finally, simple harmonic motion is discussed. The occurrence of dynamic motion in natural systems, such as planetary motion, is emphasized. Applications to engineered systems are also introduced.

Exclusion: APS161H1
Total AUs: 48.8 (Fall), 48.8 (Winter), 97.6 (Full Year)

MIE191H1 - Seminar Course: Introduction to Mechanical and Industrial Engineering

MIE191H1 - Seminar Course: Introduction to Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Credit Value: 0.15
Hours: 12.8L

This is a seminar series that will preview the core fields in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering. Each seminar will be given by a professional in one of the major areas in MIE. The format will vary and may include application examples, challenges, case studies, career opportunities, etc. The purpose of the seminar series is to provide first year students with some understanding of the various options within the Department to enable them to make educated choices for second year. This course will be offered on a credit/no credit basis. Students who receive no credit for this course must re-take it in their 2S session. Students who have not received credit for this course at the end of their 2S session will not be permitted to register in session 3F.

Total AUs: 12.2 (Fall), 12.2 (Winter), 24.4 (Full Year)

MIE210H1 - Thermodynamics

MIE210H1 - Thermodynamics
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/6.4T/19.2P

This is a basic course in engineering thermodynamics. Topics covered include: properties and behaviour of pure substances; equation of states for ideal and real gases; compressibility factor; first and second laws of thermodynamics; control mass and control volume analyses; applications of first and second laws of thermodynamics to closed systems, open systems and simple thermal cycles.

Prerequisite: MAT186H1
Total AUs: 48.8 (Fall), 48.8 (Winter), 97.6 (Full Year)

MIE221H1 - Manufacturing Engineering

MIE221H1 - Manufacturing Engineering
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T/25.6P

Production Fundamentals: Metal casting; metal forming - rolling, forging, extrusion and drawing, and sheet-metal forming; plastic/ceramic/glass forming; metal removal - turning, drilling/ boring/reaming, milling, and grinding; non-traditional machining - ECM, EDM and laser cutting; welding; surface treatment; metrology. Environmental issues in manufacturing processes, recycling of materials. Automation Fundamentals: Automation in material processing and handling - NC, robotics and automatically-guided vehicles; flexible manufacturing - group technology, cellular manufacturing and FMS; and computer-aided design - geometric modelling, computer graphics, concurrent engineering and rapid prototyping.

Instruction and assessment of communication centered around course deliverables that will form part of an ongoing design portfolio.

Total AUs: 54.9 (Fall), 54.9 (Winter), 109.8 (Full Year)

MIE222H1 - Mechanics of Solids I

MIE222H1 - Mechanics of Solids I
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/19.2T/19.2P

Design of mechanical joints. Elasto-plastic torsion of circular sections. Elasto-plastic bending of beams. Residual stresses. Shearing stresses in beams. Analysis of plane stress and plane strain problems. Pressure vessels. Design of members using strength criteria. Deflection of beams. Statistically indeterminate structures.

Total AUs: 54.9 (Fall), 54.9 (Winter), 109.8 (Full Year)

MIE230H1 - Engineering Analysis

MIE230H1 - Engineering Analysis
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6T

Introduction to complex analysis. Multivariate integration with application to calculation of volumes, centroids and moments. Vector calculus. Divergence, curl and gradient operators. Green's theorem. Gauss' theorem. Stokes' theorem. Integral transforms. Laplace transforms and Fourier series, integral and transform.

Prerequisite: MAT186H1, MAT187H1
Total AUs: 48.8 (Fall), 48.8 (Winter), 97.6 (Full Year)

MIE231H1 - Probability and Statistics with Engineering Applications

MIE231H1 - Probability and Statistics with Engineering Applications
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6T/25.6P

Use of data in engineering decision processes. Elements of probability theory. Discrete and continuous random variables. Standard distributions: binomial, Poisson, hypergeometric, exponential, normal etc. Expectation and variance. Random sampling and parameter estimation. Confidence intervals. Hypothesis testing. Goodness-of-fit tests. Regression and correlation. Statistical Process Control and quality assurance. Engineering applications in manufacturing, instrumentation and process control.

Total AUs: 61 (Fall), 61 (Winter), 122 (Full Year)

MIE243H1 - Mechanical Engineering Design

MIE243H1 - Mechanical Engineering Design
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6T/25.6P

Introduction to basic mechanical parts and mechanisms: gears, cams, bearings, linkages, actuators and motors, chain and belt drives, brakes and clutches, hydraulics and pneumatics. Tutorials on engineering drawing, sketching, and CAD/CAM in SolidWorks: views and drawing types, 2D sketching, 3D modeling and engineering drawing generation, modeling of assembly and motion analysis/animation. Conceptual design examples and mechanical engineering design process, including selection and applications of mechanisms. Dissection and reverse engineering of selected mechanical devices, mechanisms, and subsystems. Competitive group design project including technical report and 3D printing.

Instruction and assessment of communication centered around course deliverables that will form part of an ongoing design portfolio.

Total AUs: 61 (Fall), 61 (Winter), 122 (Full Year)

MIE270H1 - Materials Science

MIE270H1 - Materials Science
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/19.2T/9.6P

Corrosion and degradation of materials; Phase transformation and strengthening mechanisms; Mechanical failure, fatigue, creep, impact; Electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical properties of materials; Composite materials.

Prerequisite: APS110H1/APS164H1/MSE101H1
Total AUs: 50.4 (Fall), 50.4 (Winter), 100.8 (Full Year)

MIE301H1 - Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines

MIE301H1 - Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6T/38.4P

Classifications of mechanisms, velocity, acceleration and force analysis, graphical and computer-oriented methods, gears, geartrains, cams, flywheels, mechanism dynamics.

Instruction and assessment of engineering communication that will form part of an ongoing design portfolio.

Prerequisite: MIE100H1
Total AUs: 67.1 (Fall), 67.1 (Winter), 134.2 (Full Year)

MIE304H1 - Introduction to Quality Control

MIE304H1 - Introduction to Quality Control
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6T/12.8P

Introduction to quality engineering. Quality standards and certification. TQM. Modeling processes with simulation. Making inferences about product quality from real or simulation output data. Introduction to statistical process control. Control charts for variables and attributes. Process capability analysis. Lot Acceptance Sampling.

Prerequisite: MIE231 or equivalent
Total AUs: 54.9 (Fall), 54.9 (Winter), 109.8 (Full Year)

MIE311H1 - Thermal Energy Conversion

MIE311H1 - Thermal Energy Conversion
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/38.4P

Engineering applications of thermodynamics in the analysis and design of heat engines and other thermal energy conversion processes within an environmental framework. Steam power plants, gas cycles in internal combustion engines, gas turbines and jet engines. Refrigeration, psychrometry and air conditioning. Fossil fuel combustion and advanced systems includes fuel cells.

Prerequisite: MIE210H1
Corequisite: MIE313H1
Total AUs: 54.9 (Fall), 54.9 (Winter), 109.8 (Full Year)

MIE312H1 - Fluid Mechanics I

MIE312H1 - Fluid Mechanics I
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T/12.8P

Fluid statics, pressure measurement, forces on surfaces. Kinematics of flow, velocity field, streamlines. Conservation of mass. Fluid dynamics, momentum analysis, Euler and Bernoulli equations. Energy and head lines. Laminar flow. Flow at high Reynolds numbers, turbulence, the Moody diagram. External flows. Boundary layers. Lift and drag. Flow separation.

Prerequisite: MIE100H1, MAT234H1, MIE210H1
Total AUs: 48.8 (Fall), 48.8 (Winter), 97.6 (Full Year)

MIE313H1 - Heat and Mass Transfer

MIE313H1 - Heat and Mass Transfer
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6T/19.2P

Exact and numerical analysis of steady and transient conduction in solids. Solutions of one-dimensional and multidimensional systems. Principles of convection and solutions under laminar and turbulent flow over flat plates and inside and over pipes. Free convection. Thermal radiation between multiple black and grey surfaces. Analysis of open-ended design problems for improving thermal transport in commercial products.

Prerequisite: MAT234H1, MIE210H1, MIE230H1, MIE312H1 or equivalent
Total AUs: 58 (Fall), 58 (Winter), 116 (Full Year)

MIE315H1 - Design for the Environment

MIE315H1 - Design for the Environment
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T

Life Cycle Assessment for the measurement of environmental impacts of existing products and processes. Design for Environment principles for the reduction of environmental impacts in new product and process designs. Functional, economic, and societal analysis taught for use in a major team-written project to compare and contrast two product or process alternatives for a client.

Instruction and assessment of communication centered around course deliverables that will form part of an ongoing design portfolio.

Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

MIE320H1 - Mechanics of Solids II

MIE320H1 - Mechanics of Solids II
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/19.2T/19.2P

Three-dimensional stress transformation, strain energy, energy methods, finite element method, asymmetric and curved beams, superposition of beam solutions, beams on elastic foundations, buckling, fracture mechanics, yield criteria, stress concentration, plane stress and strain.

Prerequisite: MIE222H1
Total AUs: 45.8 (Fall), 45.8 (Winter), 91.6 (Full Year)

MIE334H1 - Numerical Methods I

MIE334H1 - Numerical Methods I
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/19.2T

This introductory course to numerical methods includes the following topics: polynomial interpolation, numerical integration, solution of linear systems of equations, least squares fitting, solution of nonlinear equations, numerical differentiation, solution of ordinary differential equations, and solution of partial differential equations. Tutorial assignments using MATLAB will focus on engineering applications relevant to the background of students taking the course.

Total AUs: 45.8 (Fall), 45.8 (Winter), 91.6 (Full Year)

MIE342H1 - Circuits with Applications to Mechanical Engineering Systems

MIE342H1 - Circuits with Applications to Mechanical Engineering Systems
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T/19.2P

This course presents analysis of complex circuits and application of circuit principles to design circuits for mechanical engineering systems. Discussions will center around circuits and instrumentation. In-depth discussions will be given on a number of topics: (1) Mechatronics design applications of circuit principles; (2) Network theorems, node-voltage, mesh-current method, Thévenin equivalents; (3) Operational amplifier circuits; (4) 1st and 2nd order circuits; (5) Laplace transform, frequency response; (6) Passive and active filter design (low- and high-pass filters, bandpass and bandreject filters); (7) Interface/readout circuits for mechanical engineering systems, sensors, instrumentation; (8) Inductance, transformers, DC/AC machines; (9) Digital circuit and data sampling introduction.

Prerequisite: MAT186H1/ESC194H1, MAT187H1/ESC195H1, ECE110H1/ECE159H1
Total AUs: 51.9 (Fall), 51.9 (Winter), 103.8 (Full Year)

MIE343H1 - Industrial Ergonomics and the Workplace

MIE343H1 - Industrial Ergonomics and the Workplace
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/38.4P

The Biology of Work: anatomical and physiological factors underlying the design of equipment and workplaces. Biomechanical factors governing physical workload and motor performance. Circadian rhythms and shift work. Measurement and specification of heat, light, and sound with respect to design of the work environment. The influence of practical and psychosocial factors on workplace ergonomic decision-making.

Prerequisite: MIE231H1/MIE236H1 or equivalent
Total AUs: 54.9 (Fall), 54.9 (Winter), 109.8 (Full Year)

MIE346H1 - Analog and Digital Electronics for Mechatronics

MIE346H1 - Analog and Digital Electronics for Mechatronics
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T/19.2P

A study of the fundamental behaviour of the major semiconductor devices (diodes, bipolar junction transistors and field effect transistors). Development of analysis and design methods for basic analog and digital electronic circuits and devices using analytical, computer and laboratory tools. Application of electronic circuits to instrumentation and mechatronic systems.

Prerequisite: MIE230H1, MAT234H1, MIE342H1
Total AUs: 51.9 (Fall), 51.9 (Winter), 103.8 (Full Year)

MIE358H1 - Engineering Economics

MIE358H1 - Engineering Economics
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T

This course provides students with knowledge and skills for understanding, analyzing, and solving decision making problems which involve economic concepts. These problems deal with deciding among alternatives in engineering projects with respect to costs and benefits over time. The overarching goal of the course is preparing engineers with the skills and knowledge for analyzing economic decisions quantitatively and making suitable decisions by acknowledging and incorporating the ramifications of factors like interest, depreciation, taxes, inflation, and risk in engineering projects.

Prerequisite: MIE231H1/MIE236H1 or equivalent
Exclusion: CHE249H1, CHE374H1, CME368H1, ECE472H1, MIE258H1
Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

MIE360H1 - Systems Modelling and Simulation

MIE360H1 - Systems Modelling and Simulation
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T/25.6P

Principles for developing, testing and using discrete event simulation models for system performance improvement. Simulation languages, generating random variables, verifying and validating simulation models. Statistical methods for analyzing simulation model outputs, and comparing alternative system designs. Fitting input distributions, including goodness of fit tests. Role of optimization in simulation studies.

Prerequisite: MIE231H1/MIE236H1 or equivalent
Total AUs: 54.9 (Fall), 54.9 (Winter), 109.8 (Full Year)

MIE402H1 - Vibrations

MIE402H1 - Vibrations
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6T/12.8P

Fundamental concepts of vibration of mechanical systems. Free vibration single degree of freedom systems. Various types of damping. Forced vibrations. Vibration measuring instruments. Steady state and transient vibrations. Vibration of multi-degree of freedom systems. Vibration isolation. Modal analysis. Lagrange equations and Hamilton's principle. Vibration of continuous systems. Special topics.

Prerequisite: MAT186H1, MAT187H1, MAT188H1, MIE100H1, MIE222H1
Total AUs: 54.9 (Fall), 54.9 (Winter), 109.8 (Full Year)

MIE404H1 - Control Systems I

MIE404H1 - Control Systems I
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6T/38.4P

Analysis of stability, transient and steady state characteristics of dynamic systems. Characteristics of linear feedback systems. Design of control laws using the root locus method, frequency response methods and state space methods. Digital control systems. Application examples.

Prerequisite: MIE346H1
Total AUs: 67.1 (Fall), 67.1 (Winter), 134.2 (Full Year)

MIE407H1 - Nuclear Reactor Theory and Design

MIE407H1 - Nuclear Reactor Theory and Design
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6T

This course covers the basic principles of the neutronic design and analysis of nuclear fission reactors with a focus on Generation IV nuclear systems. Topics include radioactivity, neutron interactions with matter, neutron diffusion and moderation, the fission chain reaction, the critical reactor equation, reactivity effects and reactor kinetics. Multigroup neutron diffusion calculations are demonstrated using fast-spectrum reactor designs.

Prerequisite: MIE230H1 or equivalent
Recommended Preparation: CHE566H1
Total AUs: 48.8 (Fall), 48.8 (Winter), 97.6 (Full Year)

MIE408H1 - * Thermal and Machine Design of Nuclear Power Reactors

MIE408H1 - * Thermal and Machine Design of Nuclear Power Reactors
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6T

This course covers the basic principles of the thermo-mechanical design and analysis of nuclear power reactors. Topics include reactor heat generation and removal, nuclear materials, diffusion of heat in fuel elements, thermal and mechanical stresses in fuel and reactor components, single-phase and two-phase fluid mechanics and heat transport in nuclear reactors, and core thermo-mechanical design.

Prerequisite: MIE407H1/MIE222H1, MIE312H1, MIE313H1 or equivalents
Recommended Preparation: CHE566H1
Total AUs: 48.8 (Fall), 48.8 (Winter), 97.6 (Full Year)

MIE410H1 - *Finite Element Analysis in Engineering Design

MIE410H1 - *Finite Element Analysis in Engineering Design
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 25.6L/25.6P

Finite Element Method (FEM) is a very powerful numerical tool that has a wide range of applications in a multitude of engineering disciplines; such as mechanical, aerospace, automotive, locomotive, nuclear, geotechnical, bioengineering, metallurgical and chemical engineering. Typical applications include: design optimisation, steady and transient thermal analysis/stress analysis, wave propagation, natural frequencies, mode shapes, crashworthiness analysis, nuclear reactor containment, dynamic analysis of motors, manufacturing process simulation, failure analysis, to name a few. The focus of this course is to provide seniors and graduate students with a fundamental understanding of the principles upon which FEM is based, how to correctly apply it to real engineering problems using a commercial code. Specifically, participants will learn the principles governing model generation, discretization of a continuum, element selection, applying the loads and the constraints to real world problems. Participants will also learn how to scrutinize their model predictions, and avoid the pitfalls of this essential design tool.

Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

MIE414H1 - * Applied Fluid Mechanics

MIE414H1 - * Applied Fluid Mechanics
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T/38.4P

This course builds upon the material introduced in Fluid Mechanics I and focuses on technical applications of fluid flow. Discussed topics include the pressure drop in pipe and channel flow networks, transient flow phenomena, external flows, performance characteristics of different pumps and turbines, systems of flow networks and flow machines, and an overview of modern flow measurement techniques. Lectures are complemented by laboratory experiments on topics such as pipe/channel networks, flow transients, and flow machines.

Prerequisite: MIE312H1
Total AUs: 61 (Fall), 61 (Winter), 122 (Full Year)

MIE422H1 - Automated Manufacturing

MIE422H1 - Automated Manufacturing
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 25.6L/38.4P

Introduction to Computer Integrated Manufacturing. Definitions, terminology. Organization of manufacturing systems. Introduction to NC machines. Introduction to robotics. Types of robot motion. Robot kinematics. Jacobians, singularities. Robot motion trajectories. Interpolation, spline fits. Robot joint control. Flexible manufacturing systems, justification. Robot cell design. Group technology. Design of group technology cell. Programmable logic controllers. Limited enrolment.

Prerequisite: MIE221H1 or equivalent
Exclusion: ECE470H1 and AER525H1
Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

MIE437H1 - Fundamentals of Injury Biomechanics and Prevention

MIE437H1 - Fundamentals of Injury Biomechanics and Prevention
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T

Injury biomechanics uses the principles of mechanical engineering to understand how injuries occur in various body regions and the main approaches to prevent them. In this course, we will review the injury mechanisms at the tissue level and the injury criteria for the lower extremities, upper extremities, head, neck, and trunk. Topics in injury prevention methods through safety devices and safely designing the equipment will be studied as well as engineering design considerations in treating a skeletal injury. The course also covers the computational (finite element analysis, and statistical analysis) and experimental (mechanical testing of crash test dummies, artificial bones, PMHS, and ex-vivo specimens) research methods used in injury and orthopedic biomechanics. Students will have the opportunity to apply their learning in forensic biomechanics case studies, and design and analysis of protective equipment.

Prerequisite: CIV100H1, MIE100, MIE270, MIE222
Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

MIE438H1 - Microprocessors and Embedded Microcontrollers

MIE438H1 - Microprocessors and Embedded Microcontrollers
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 25.6L/38.4P

Review (number systems, CPU architecture, instruction sets and subroutines); Interfacing Memory; Interfacing Techniques; Transistors and TTL/CMOS Logic; Mechanical Switches & LED Displays; Interfacing Analog, A/D & D/A Conversions; Stepper Motors & DC Motors; RISC Technology and Embedded Processors; DAS Systems; Embedded Microcontroller System Design; CPU-based Control.

Exclusion: ECE243H1, ECE352H1
Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

MIE440H1 - * Design of Effective Products

MIE440H1 - * Design of Effective Products
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 25.6L/12.8T/25.6P

Products should be used as intended to be effective. Thus, a primary goal is to better align designer intention and user behavior. More specifically, sustainability-minded products should be technically efficient, but also support people to use them more sustainably. Finally, many products and systems nudge people to behave in ways contrary to the user's best interests. To address the above, the course focuses on design that increases intended product use, and pro-social / pro-environmental behaviors. For projects, students will develop, prototype and test concepts that aim to increase desired behaviors. Methods relevant to the design of all products include: identification of unmet/underserved user needs through lead users; roles of function and affordance in effective products; fixation and cognitive biases as obstacles to creativity; concept generation methods (e.g., Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ/TIPS), use of stimuli and analogy); configuration design methods (e.g., design for transformation, manufacture, assembly, reuse, repair, and recycling).

Prerequisite: MIE221H1 or instructor permission
Recommended Preparation: MIE240H1, MIE242H1, MIE243H1, MIE315H1, MIE345H1
Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

MIE441H1 - * Design Optimization

MIE441H1 - * Design Optimization
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6P

Problem definition and formulation for optimization, optimization models, and selected algorithms in optimization. Design for Tolerancing, Design for Manufacturing, and Design for Assembly. State of the art Computer Aided Design packages are introduced with case studies. Emphasis is placed on gaining practical skills by solving realistic design problems.

Prerequisite: MIE243H1, MIE222H1 or equivalents
Total AUs: 48.8 (Fall), 48.8 (Winter), 97.6 (Full Year)

MIE442H1 - Machine Design

MIE442H1 - Machine Design
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/38.4T/19.2P

Introduction to the fundamental elements of mechanical design including the selection of engineering materials, load determination and failure analysis under static, impact, vibration and cyclic loads. Surface failure and fatigue under contact loads, lubrication and wear. Consideration is given to the characteristics and selection of machine elements such as bearings, shafts, power screws and couplings.

Prerequisite: MIE320H1
Total AUs: 64.1 (Fall), 64.1 (Winter), 128.2 (Full Year)

MIE443H1 - * Mechatronics Systems: Design and Integration

MIE443H1 - * Mechatronics Systems: Design and Integration
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 25.6L/64P

The course aims to raise practical design awareness, provide pertinent project engineering methodology, and generate a know-how core in integration of complex automation. This course has mainly practical content, and is integral and useful in the training and education of those students who plan to be employed in areas related to intelligent automation, as well as to the breadth of knowledge of all others. Although emphasis will be on robotic-based automation (mechatronics), the learning will be useful in all domains of system integration. This course will introduce students to the basics of integration, methodology of design, tools, and team project work. The course will be monitored based on projects from a selected list of topics. The lectures will be in format of tutorials as preparation and discussions on project related issues. A main goal is to bring the methods, means and spirit of the industrial design world to the class room. Emphasis will be on understanding the elements of integration, methodology and approaches, and will involve numerous case studies. Specifically the course will provide a practical step-by-step approach to integration: specifications, conceptual design, analysis, modeling, synthesis, simulation and bread-boarding, prototyping, integration, verification, installation and testing. Issues of project management, market, and economics will be addressed as well. Limited Enrolment.

Prerequisite: MIE346H1
Total AUs: 54.9 (Fall), 54.9 (Winter), 109.8 (Full Year)

MIE444H1 - * Mechatronics Principles

MIE444H1 - * Mechatronics Principles
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 25.6L/38.4P

This course provides students with the tools to design, model, analyze and control mechatronic systems (e.g. smart systems comprising electronic, mechanical, fluid and thermal components). This is done through the synergic combination of tools from mechanical and electrical engineering, computer science and information technology to design systems with built-in intelligence. The class provides techniques for the modeling of various system components into a unified approach and tools for the simulation of the performance of these systems. The class also presents the procedures and an analysis of the various components needed to design and control a mechatronic system including sensing, actuating, and I/O interfacing components.

Prerequisite: MIE342H1, MIE346H1
Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

MIE458H1 - Biofluid Mechanics

MIE458H1 - Biofluid Mechanics
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T

This course will teach students how to apply fundamental fluid mechanics to the study of biological systems. The course is divided into three modules, with the focus of the first two modules on the human circulatory and respiratory systems, respectively. Topics covered will include blood rheology, blood flow in the heart, arteries, veins and microcirculation, the mechanical properties of the heart as a pump; air flow in the lungs and airways, mass transfer across the walls of these systems, the fluid mechanics of the liquid-air interface of the alveoli, and artificial mechanical systems and devices for clinical aid. The third and final module will cover a range of other fluid problems in modern biology.

Prerequisite: MIE312H1 or equivalent
Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

MIE469H1 - Reliability and Maintainability Engineering

MIE469H1 - Reliability and Maintainability Engineering
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6T

An introduction to the life-cycle costing concept for equipment acquisition, operation, and replacement decision-making. Designing for reliability and determination of optimal maintenance and replacement policies for both capital equipment and components. Topics include: identification of an items failure distribution and reliability function, reliability of series, parallel, and redundant systems design configurations, time-to-repair and maintainability function, age and block replacement policies for components, the economic life model for capital equipment, provisioning of spare parts.

Prerequisite: MIE231H1/MIE236H1 or equivalent, MIE258H1
Total AUs: 48.8 (Fall), 48.8 (Winter), 97.6 (Full Year)

MIE491Y1 - Capstone Design

MIE491Y1 - Capstone Design
Credit Value: 1.00
Hours: 51.2T

An experience in engineering practice through a significant design project whereby students teams meet specific client needs or the requirements of a recognized design competition through a creative, iterative, and open-ended design process. The project must include:

The application of disciplinary knowledge and skills to conduct engineering analysis and design,

The demonstration of engineering judgement in integrating economic, health, safety, environmental, social or other pertinent interdisciplinary factors,

Elements of teamwork, project management and client interaction, and

A demonstration of proof of the design concept.

Exclusion: APS490Y1
Total AUs: 99.7 (Fall), 99.7 (Winter), 199.4 (Full Year)

MIE498H1 - Research Thesis

MIE498H1 - Research Thesis
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 51.2T

An opportunity to conduct independent research under the supervision of a faculty member in MIE. Admission to the course requires the approval of a project proposal by the Undergraduate office. The proposal must: 1) Explain how the research project builds upon one or more aspects of engineering science introduced in the student's academic program, 2) provide an estimate of a level of effort not less than 130 productive hours of work per term, 3) specify a deliverable in each term to be submitted by the last day of lectures, 4) be signed by the supervisor, and 5) be received by the Undergraduate Office one week prior to the last add day.

Note: Approval to register for the fourth-year thesis course (MIE498H1 or MIE498Y1) must be obtained from the Associate Chair - Undergraduate and is normally restricted to fourth year students with a cumulative grade point average of at least 2.7.

Prerequisite: Approval to register for the fourth-year thesis course (MIE498H1 or MIE498Y1) must be obtained from the Associate Chair - Undergraduate and is normally restricted to fourth year students with a cumulative grade point average of at least 2.7.
Exclusion: MIE498Y1
Total AUs: 49 (Fall), 49 (Winter), 98 (Full Year)

MIE498Y1 - Research Thesis

MIE498Y1 - Research Thesis
Credit Value: 1.00
Hours: 51.2T

An opportunity to conduct independent research under the supervision of a faculty member in MIE. Admission to the course requires the approval of a project proposal by the Undergraduate office. The proposal must: 1) Explain how the research project builds upon one or more aspects of engineering science introduced in the student's academic program, 2) provide an estimate of a level of effort not less than 130 productive hours of work per term, 3) specify a deliverable in each term to be submitted by the last day of lectures, 4) be signed by the supervisor, and 5) be received by the Undergraduate Office one week prior to the last add day.


Note: Approval to register for the fourth-year thesis course (MIE498H1 or MIE498Y1) must be obtained from the Associate Chair - Undergraduate and is normally restricted to fourth year students with a cumulative grade point average of at least 2.7.

Prerequisite: Approval to register for the fourth-year thesis course (MIE498H1 or MIE498Y1) must be obtained from the Associate Chair - Undergraduate and is normally restricted to fourth year students with a cumulative grade point average of at least 2.7.
Exclusion: MIE498H1
Total AUs: 98.1 (Fall), 98.1 (Winter), 196.2 (Full Year)

MIE504H1 - Applied Computational Fluid Dynamics

MIE504H1 - Applied Computational Fluid Dynamics
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 64L

The course is designed for Students with no or little Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) knowledge who want to learn CFD application to solve engineering problems. The course will provide a general perspective to the CFD and its application to fluid flow and heat transfer and it will teach the use of some of the popular CFD packages and provides them with the necessary tool to use CFD in specific applications. Students will also learn basics of CFD and will use that basic knowledge to learn Fluent Ansys CFD software. Most CFD packages have a variety of modules to deal with a specific type of flow. Students will be introduced to different modules and their specific applications. They will then be able to utilize the CFD package to simulate any particular problem. Ansys software will be the commercial package that will be used in this course. Ansys Fluent is the most common commercial CFD code available and most of the engineering companies use this code for their research & development and product analysis.

Prerequisite: MIE230H1, MAT234H1, MIE334H1
Total AUs: 61 (Fall), 61 (Winter), 122 (Full Year)

MIE505H1 - Micro/Nano Robotics

MIE505H1 - Micro/Nano Robotics
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/38.4P

This course will not be offered for the 2022-23 academic year.

This course will cover the design, modeling, fabrication, and control of miniature robot and micro/nano-manipulation systems for graduate and upper level undergraduate students. Micro and Nano robotics is an interdisciplinary field which draws on aspects of microfabrication, robotics, medicine and materials science.

In addition to basic background material, the course includes case studies of current micro/nano-systems, challenges and future trends, and potential applications. The course will focus on a team design project involving novel theoretical and/or experimental concepts for micro/nano-robotic systems with a team of students. Throughout the course, discussions and lab tours will be organized on selected topics.

Total AUs: 54.9 (Fall), 54.9 (Winter), 109.8 (Full Year)

MIE506H1 - * MEMS Design and Microfabrication

MIE506H1 - * MEMS Design and Microfabrication
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T/19.2P

This course will present the fundamental basis of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Topics will include: micromachining/microfabrication techniques, micro sensing and actuation principles and design, MEMS modeling and simulation, and device characterization and packaging. Students will be required to complete a MEMS design term project, including design modeling, simulation, microfabrication process design, and photolithographic mask layout.

Prerequisite: MIE222H1, MIE342H1
Total AUs: 51.9 (Fall), 51.9 (Winter), 103.8 (Full Year)

MIE507H1 - Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Fundamentals

MIE507H1 - Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Fundamentals
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6T

Introduction to the fundamentals of HVAC system operation and the relationship between these systems, building occupants and the building envelope. Fundamentals of psychrometrics, heat transfer and refrigeration; determination of heating and cooling loads driven by occupant requirements and the building envelope; heating and cooling equipment types and HVAC system configurations; controls and maintenance issues that influence performance; evaluation of various HVAC systems with respect to energy and indoor environmental quality performance.

Total AUs: 48.8 (Fall), 48.8 (Winter), 97.6 (Full Year)

MIE509H1 - AI for Social Good

MIE509H1 - AI for Social Good
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 35.4L/23.6P

The issue of design and development of AI systems that have beneficial social impact will be discussed and analyzed. The focus will not be on the mechanics of AI algorithms, but rather on the implementation of AI methods to address societal problems. Topics to be covered will include: Safeguarding of human interests (e.g., fairness, privacy) when AI methods are used; partnering of humans and AI systems to implement AI effectively; evaluation of AI assisted interventions; practical considerations in the selection of AI methods to be used in addressing societal problems. The issues that arise in implementing AI for beneficial social impact will be illustrated in a set of case studies aimed at creating beneficial social impact. Class activities will include lectures, seminars, labs, and take-home assignments.

Prerequisite: MIE223, MIE237, or an Introductory Machine Learning, or equivalent
Exclusion: CSC300H1 (Computers and Society)
Total AUs: 48.8 (Fall), 48.8 (Winter), 97.6 (Full Year)

MIE515H1 - Alternative Energy Systems

MIE515H1 - Alternative Energy Systems
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T

This course covers the basic principles, current technologies and applications of selected alternative energy systems. Specific topics include solar thermal systems, solar photovoltaic systems, wind, wave, and tidal energy, energy storage, and grid connections issues. Limited enrolment.

Prerequisite: MIE210H1,MIE312H1 and MIE313H1 (or equivalent courses).
Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

MIE516H1 - Combustion and Fuels

MIE516H1 - Combustion and Fuels
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T

Introduction to combustion theory. Chemical equilibrium and the products of combustion. Combustion kinetics and types of combustion. Pollutant formation. Design of combustion systems for gaseous, liquid and solid fuels. The use of alternative fuels (hydrogen, biofuels, etc.) and their effect on combustion systems.

Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

MIE517H1 - Fuel Cell Systems

MIE517H1 - Fuel Cell Systems
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T

Thermodynamics and electrochemistry of fuel cell operation and testing; understanding of polarization curves and impedance spectroscopy; common fuel cell types, materials, components, and auxiliary systems; high and low temperature fuel cells and their applications in transportation and stationary power generation, including co-generation and combined heat and power systems; engineering system requirements resulting from basic fuel cell properties and characteristics.

Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

MIE519H1 - * Advanced Manufacturing Technologies

MIE519H1 - * Advanced Manufacturing Technologies
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L

This course is designed to provide an integrated multidisciplinary approach to Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, and provide a strong foundation including fundamentals and applications of advanced manufacturing (AM). Topics include: additive manufacturing, 3D printing, micro- and nano-manufacturing, continuous & precision manufacturing, green and biological manufacturing. New applications of AM in sectors such as automotive, aerospace, biomedical, and electronics.

Total AUs: 36.6 (Fall), 36.6 (Winter), 73.2 (Full Year)

MIE520H1 - Biotransport Phenomena

MIE520H1 - Biotransport Phenomena
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T

Application of conservation relations and momentum balances, dimensional analysis and scaling, mass transfer, heat transfer, and fluid flow to biological systems, including: transport in the circulation, transport in porous media and tissues, transvascular transport, transport of gases between blood and tissues, and transport in organs and organisms.

Prerequisite: MIE312H1 /AER210H1 /equivalent
Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

MIE523H1 - Engineering Psychology and Human Performance

MIE523H1 - Engineering Psychology and Human Performance
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/38.4P

An examination of the relation between behavioural science and the design of human-machine systems, with special attention to advanced control room design. Human limitations on perception, attention, memory and decision making, and the design of displays and intelligent machines to supplement them. The human operator in process control and the supervisory control of automated and robotic systems. Laboratory exercises to introduce techniques of evaluating human performance.

Prerequisite: MIE231H1/MIE236H1/ECE286H1 or equivalent required; MIE237H1 or equivalent recommended
Total AUs: 54.9 (Fall), 54.9 (Winter), 109.8 (Full Year)

MIE533H1 - Waves and Their Applications in Non-Destructive Testing and Imaging

MIE533H1 - Waves and Their Applications in Non-Destructive Testing and Imaging
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L

The course is designed for students who are interested in more advanced studies of applying wave principles to engineering applications in the field of non-destructive testing (NDT) and imaging (NDI). Topics will cover: Review of principles and characteristics of sound and ultrasonic waves; thermal waves; optical (light) waves; photons: light waves behaving as particles; black body radiation, continuous wave and pulsed lasers. The course will focus on NDT and NDI applications in component inspection and medical diagnostics using ultrasonics, laser photothermal radiometry, thermography and dynamic infrared imaging.

Total AUs: 36.6 (Fall), 36.6 (Winter), 73.2 (Full Year)

MIE540H1 - * Product Design

MIE540H1 - * Product Design
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/12.8T

This course takes a 360° perspective on product design: beginning at the market need, evolving this need into a concept, and optimizing the concept. Students will gain an understanding of the steps involved and the tools utilized in developing new products. The course will integrate both business and engineering concepts seamlessly through examples, case studies and a final project. Some of the business concepts covered include: identifying customer needs, project management and the economics of product design. The engineering design tools include: developing product specifications, concept generation, concept selection, Product Functional Decomposition diagrams, orthogonal arrays, full and fractional factorials, noises, interactions, tolerance analysis and latitude studies. Specific emphasis will be placed on robust and tunable technology for product optimization.

Prerequisite: MIE231H1/MIE236H1 or equivalent, MIE243H1 or instructor's permission
Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

MIE550H1 - Advanced Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer

MIE550H1 - Advanced Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L

This course observes: conservation of mass, momentum, energy and species; diffusive momentum, heat and mass transfer; dimensionless equations and numbers; laminar boundary layers; drag, heat transfer and mass transfer coefficients; transport analogies; simultaneous heat and mass transfer; as well as evaporative cooling, droplet evaporation and diffusion flames.

Prerequisite: MIE313H1
Total AUs: 36.6 (Fall), 36.6 (Winter), 73.2 (Full Year)

MIE563H1 - Analytic and Numerical Solution of Engineering PDEs

MIE563H1 - Analytic and Numerical Solution of Engineering PDEs
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 38.4L/25.6T

This course explores analytic and numerical solution techniques for heat/mass diffusion and vibration/wave equations. Emphasis is placed on intuitive derivation of these equations, and analytic solution techniques like separation of variations, eigenfunction expansions, Fourier analysis, integral transforms, coordinate transforms, and special functions. Numerical solutions are introduced via finite difference methods. A key learning outcome of this course is understanding the central role that analytic solutions play in developing intuition about engineering physics, and how this is a fundamental step in learning to verify, validate, and properly use advanced computational modelling tools.

Prerequisite: MIE230H1, MAT234H1, MIE334H1
Total AUs: 48.8 (Fall), 48.8 (Winter), 97.6 (Full Year)

Materials Science and Engineering

MSE401H1 - Materials Selection for Sustainable Product Design

MSE401H1 - Materials Selection for Sustainable Product Design
Credit Value: 0.50
Hours: 25.6L/12.8T/25.6P

Provides a rationale for materials selection in the design of engineered components and commercial products, with a general aim towards structural optimization and sustainability. Defines concepts of life cycle analysis and embodied energy, reviews material recycling technologies and methods, and environmental issues associated with materials in manufactured products, and waste. Develops a rationale for advanced materials selection, using the Ansys Granta CES materials software (a database for thousands of materials), for component design, based on an identification of the functional requirements. Develops a method for 'eco-audit' estimation of the total embodied energy of products. Altogether, materials selection includes structural and material processing considerations, and a range of case studies provides examples of optimized and sustainable design. Hybrid (composite) materials design and options for sustainable bio-composites discussed, including basic composite mechanics and topology optimization for structural optimization. There are two main design projects associated with proposed products, involving materials selection and multiple component design, to demonstrate an optimization of material usage and overall product sustainability.

Course objectives: (1) Define the role that materials play in product design (properties, performance); (2) Define the embodied energy and sustainability of materials and products; (3) Establish a rationale for materials selection (a material index) by defining a design objective and constraints to optimize structural efficiency and sustainability; (4) Learn to apply software tools (Ansys CES) for materials selection; (5) Find compromise with multiple constraints; (6) Perform iteration in the optimization of product design, considering materials, shape and processing; (7) Design a device/product with multiple components, considering optimal performance, manufacturing and environmental sustainability.

Total AUs: 42.7 (Fall), 42.7 (Winter), 85.4 (Full Year)

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